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01 · Anchor passage
During a drought, a city published daily reservoir levels and limited non-essential water use.
/ˈdʊɹɪŋ ə dɹaʊt, ə ˈsɪti ˈpʌblɪʃt ˈdeɪli ˈɹɛzəvˌwɑɹ ˈlɛvəlz ænd ˈlɪmɪtɪd nɑn ɪˈsɛnʃəl ˈwɔtɚ jus./
在干旱期间，一座城市公布了每日水库水位并限制了非必要用水。
During a drought a — 保留结构，替换真实细节。At first, this looked like a small decision about natural resources, but its result soon became visible.
/æt fɚst, ðɪs lʊkt laɪk ə smɔl dɪˈsɪʒən əˈbaʊt ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɹisɔɹsɪz, bʌt ɪts ɹɪˈzʌlt sun bɪˈkeɪm ˈvɪzɪbəl./
起初，这看起来像是一个关于自然资源的小决定，但其结果很快就变得显而易见。
result — 保留结构，替换真实细节。The case raises a broader question: how finite resources require fair and careful management.
/ðə keɪs ˈɹeɪzɪz ə ˈbɹɔdɚ ˈkwɛst͡ʃən: haʊ ˈfaɪˌnaɪt ˈɹisɔɹsɪz ɹɪˈkwaɪɚ fɛɹ ænd ˈkɛɹfəl ˈmænɪd͡ʒmənt./
这个案例提出了一个更广泛的问题：有限的资源如何需要公平和谨慎的管理。
The case raises a — 保留结构，替换真实细节。It is essential that every proposal about natural resources be evaluated against the same criteria.
/ɪt ɪz ɪˈsɛnʃəl ðæt ˈɛvɹi pɹəˈpoʊzəl əˈbaʊt ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɹisɔɹsɪz bi ɪˈvæljuˌeɪtɪd əˈɡɛnst ðə seɪm kɹaɪˈtɪɹiə./
至关重要的是，每一项有关自然资源的提案都必须按照相同的标准进行评估。
It is essential that — 保留结构，替换真实细节。The example draws attention to a natural resource, which can shape how people respond to natural resources.
/ðə ɪɡˈzæmpəl dɹɔz əˈtɛnʃən tə ə ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɹisɔɹs, wɪt͡ʃ kən ʃeɪp haʊ ˈpipəl ɹɪˈspɑnd tə ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɹisɔɹsɪz./
这个例子提请注意自然资源，它可以决定人们如何对自然资源作出反应。
natural resource — 保留结构，替换真实细节。A closer look at a water scarcity reveals a practical side of natural resources that general opinions often miss.
/ə ˈkloʊsɚ lʊk æt ə ˈwɔtɚ ˈskɛɹsɪti ɹɪˈvilz ə ˈpɹæktɪkəl saɪd əv ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɹisɔɹsɪz ðæt ˈd͡ʒɛnɚəl əˈpɪnjənz ˈɔftən mɪs./
仔细观察水资源短缺问题可以揭示自然资源的实际一面，而一般观点往往忽视这一面。
water scarcity — 保留结构，替换真实细节。A convincing view of natural resources gives a reason and then tests it against a concrete example.
/ə kənˈvɪnsɪŋ vju əv ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɹisɔɹsɪz ɡɪvz ə ˈɹizən ænd ðɛn tɛsts ɪt əˈɡɛnst ə ˈkɑŋkɹit ɪɡˈzæmpəl./
对自然资源的令人信服的看法给出了一个理由，然后用一个具体的例子来检验它。
reason — 保留结构，替换真实细节。The result matters because it shows whether a response to natural resources worked in practice.
/ðə ɹɪˈzʌlt ˈmætɚz bɪˈkʌz ɪt ʃoʊz ˈwɛðɚ ə ɹɪˈspɑns tə ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɹisɔɹsɪz wɚkt ɪn ˈpɹæktɪs./
其结果很重要，因为它表明对自然资源的反应在实践中是否有效。
result — 保留结构，替换真实细节。Personal experience can introduce natural resources, but a wider judgement also needs evidence.
/ˈpɚsənəl ɪkˈspɪɹiəns kən ˌɪntɹoʊˈdus ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɹisɔɹsɪz, bʌt ə ˈwaɪdɚ ˈd͡ʒʌd͡ʒmənt ˈɔlsoʊ nidz ˈɛvədəns./
个人经验可以引入自然资源，但更广泛的判断也需要证据。
personal experience — 保留结构，替换真实细节。A sensible choice about natural resources compares immediate convenience with longer-term effects.
/ə ˈsɛnsɪbəl t͡ʃɔɪs əˈbaʊt ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɹisɔɹsɪz kəmˈpɛɹz ɪˈmidiɪt kənˈvinjəns wɪθ ˈlɔŋɡɚ tɚm ɪˈfɛkts./
对自然资源的明智选择应将眼前的便利与长期影响进行比较。
choice — 保留结构，替换真实细节。The main advantage of one response to natural resources should be clear enough to observe or measure.
/ðə meɪn ædˈvæntɪd͡ʒ əv wʌn ɹɪˈspɑns tə ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɹisɔɹsɪz ʃʊd bi klɪɹ ɪˈnʌf tə əbˈzɚv ɔɹ ˈmɛʒɚ./
对自然资源采取一项对策的主要优势应足够明确，以便观察或衡量。
main advantage — 保留结构，替换真实细节。A clearly defined problem makes it easier to choose an appropriate response to natural resources.
/ə ˈklɪɹli dɪˈfaɪnd ˈpɹɑbləm meɪks ɪt ˈiziɚ tə t͡ʃuz ən əˈpɹoʊpɹiɪt ɹɪˈspɑns tə ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɹisɔɹsɪz./
明确定义的问题可以更轻松地选择针对自然资源的适当应对措施。
problem — 保留结构，替换真实细节。A practical solution to natural resources should fit local needs and remain realistic over time.
/ə ˈpɹæktɪkəl səˈluʃən tə ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɹisɔɹsɪz ʃʊd fɪt ˈloʊkəl nidz ænd ɹɪˈmeɪn ˌɹiəˈlɪstɪk ˈoʊvɚ taɪm./
自然资源问题的实际解决方案应符合当地需求，并随着时间的推移保持现实。
practical solution — 保留结构，替换真实细节。Personal experience is a useful starting point, but evidence about natural resources must also include other groups and conditions.
/ˈpɚsənəl ɪkˈspɪɹiəns ɪz ə ˈjusfəl ˈstɑɹtɪŋ pɔɪnt, bʌt ˈɛvədəns əˈbaʊt ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɹisɔɹsɪz mʌst ˈɔlsoʊ ɪŋˈklud ˈʌðɚ ɡɹups ænd kənˈdɪʃənz./
个人经验是一个有用的起点，但有关自然资源的证据还必须包括其他群体和条件。
personal experience — 保留结构，替换真实细节。A single example can show that a response is possible; it cannot prove that the response will work everywhere.
/ə ˈsɪŋɡəl ɪɡˈzæmpəl kən ʃoʊ ðæt ə ɹɪˈspɑns ɪz ˈpɑsəbəl; ɪt kæˈnɑt pɹuv ðæt ðə ɹɪˈspɑns wɪl wɚk ˈɛvɹiˌwɛɹ./
一个例子就可以表明响应是可能的；它不能证明这种应对措施在任何地方都有效。
A single example can — 保留结构，替换真实细节。For that reason, responsible decisions define a goal, observe the result, and change direction when the evidence is weak.
/fɚ ðæt ˈɹizən, ɹiˈspɑnsɪbəl dɪˈsɪʒənz dɪˈfaɪn ə ɡoʊl, əbˈzɚv ðə ɹɪˈzʌlt, ænd t͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ dɪˈɹɛkʃən wɛn ðə ˈɛvədəns ɪz wik./
因此，负责任的决策会定义目标，观察结果，并在证据薄弱时改变方向。
reason — 保留结构，替换真实细节。A positive change in natural resources becomes credible when people can explain how it happened.
/ə ˈpɑzɪtɪv t͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ ɪn ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɹisɔɹsɪz bɪˈkʌmz ˈkɹɛdɪbəl wɛn ˈpipəl kən ɪkˈspleɪn haʊ ɪt ˈhæpənd./
当人们能够解释自然资源的积极变化是如何发生的时，它就会变得可信。
positive change — 保留结构，替换真实细节。Practical support can help people respond to natural resources without removing individual responsibility.
/ˈpɹæktɪkəl səˈpɔɹt kən hɛlp ˈpipəl ɹɪˈspɑnd tə ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɹisɔɹsɪz wɪˈðaʊt ɹiˈmuvɪŋ ˌɪndɪˈvɪd͡ʒuəl ɹiˌspɑnsɪˈbɪləti./
实际支持可以帮助人们对自然资源做出反应，同时又不免除个人责任。
support — 保留结构，替换真实细节。Communities can develop a practical response to natural resources by testing a small change first.
/kəˈmjunɪtiz kən dɪˈvɛləp ə ˈpɹæktɪkəl ɹɪˈspɑns tə ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɹisɔɹsɪz baɪ ˈtɛstɪŋ ə smɔl t͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ fɚst./
社区可以通过首先测试一个小的改变来制定对自然资源的实际反应。
change — 保留结构，替换真实细节。The effect of natural resources may vary according to a person's needs, resources, and circumstances.
/ðə ɪˈfɛkt əv ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɹisɔɹsɪz meɪ ˈvɛɹi əˈkɔɹdɪŋ tə ə ˈpɚsənz nidz, ˈɹisɔɹsɪz, ænd ˈsɚkəmˌstænsɪz./
自然资源的影响可能因人的需要、资源和情况而异。
effect — 保留结构，替换真实细节。People can describe an experience when a real situation involving natural resources requires action.
/ˈpipəl kən dɪˈskɹaɪb ən ɪkˈspɪɹiəns wɛn ə ɹil ˌsɪt͡ʃuˈeɪʃən ɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɹisɔɹsɪz ɹiˈkwaɪɚz ˈækʃən./
人们可以描述涉及自然资源的真实情况需要采取行动时的经历。
experience — 保留结构，替换真实细节。People can compare two responses to natural resources only when they use the same criteria.
/ˈpipəl kən kəmˈpɛɹ tu ɹɪˈspɑnsɪz tə ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɹisɔɹsɪz ˈoʊnli wɛn ðeɪ juz ðə seɪm kɹaɪˈtɪɹiə./
人们只有使用相同的标准才能比较两种对自然资源的反应。
compare — 保留结构，替换真实细节。However, an early success can hide a cost that appears later.
/ˌhaʊˈɛvɚ, ən ˈɚli səkˈsɛs kən haɪd ə kɔst ðæt əˈpɪɹz ˈleɪtɚ./
然而，早期的成功可能会掩盖后来出现的成本。
however — 保留结构，替换真实细节。This matters because the decision changes what people can do in ordinary life.
/ðɪs ˈmætɚz bɪˈkʌz ðə dɪˈsɪʒən ˈt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒɪz wʌt ˈpipəl kən du ɪn ˈɔɹdɪˌnɛɹi laɪf./
这很重要，因为决定会改变人们在普通生活中所能做的事情。
because — 保留结构，替换真实细节。Although one response may help, no single solution will suit every person.
/ɔlˈðoʊ wʌn ɹɪˈspɑns meɪ hɛlp, noʊ ˈsɪŋɡəl səˈluʃən wɪl sut ˈɛvɹi ˈpɚsən./
尽管一种回应可能会有所帮助，但没有一种解决方案适合所有人。
solution — 保留结构，替换真实细节。The most practical lesson is that natural resources should be judged through real effects rather than attractive slogans.
/ðə moʊst ˈpɹæktɪkəl ˈlɛsən ɪz ðæt ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɹisɔɹsɪz ʃʊd bi d͡ʒʌd͡ʒd θɹu ɹil ɪˈfɛkts ˈɹæðɚ ðən əˈtɹæktɪv ˈsloʊɡənz./
最实际的教训是，应该通过实际效果而不是有吸引力的口号来判断自然资源。
rather than — 保留结构，替换真实细节。Good decisions connect a clear purpose with evidence, human experience, and the willingness to revise a weak approach.
/ɡʊd dɪˈsɪʒənz kəˈnɛkt ə klɪɹ ˈpɚpəs wɪθ ˈɛvədəns, ˈhjumən ɪkˈspɪɹiəns, ænd ðə ˈwɪlɪŋnəs tə ɹɪˈvaɪz ə wik əˈpɹoʊt͡ʃ./
好的决定会把明确目标、事实证据、人的真实经验，以及修正薄弱方案的意愿联系起来。
experience — 保留结构，替换真实细节。When those parts stay connected, the topic becomes easier to discuss in daily conversation and in an IELTS answer.
/wɛn ðoʊz pɑɹts steɪ kəˈnɛktɪd, ðə ˈtɑpɪk bɪˈkʌmz ˈiziɚ tə dɪˈskʌs ɪn ˈdeɪli ˌkɑnvɚˈseɪʃən ænd ɪn ən aɪ ɛl ti ɛs ˈænsɚ./
当这些部分保持连贯时，无论日常交流还是 IELTS 回答，这个主题都会更容易展开。
When those parts stay — 保留结构，替换真实细节。During a drought, a city published daily reservoir levels and limited non-essential water use.
/ˈdʊɹɪŋ ə dɹaʊt, ə ˈsɪti ˈpʌblɪʃt ˈdeɪli ˈɹɛzəvˌwɑɹ ˈlɛvəlz ænd ˈlɪmɪtɪd nɑn ɪˈsɛnʃəl ˈwɔtɚ jus./
At first, this looked like a small decision about natural resources, but its result soon became visible.
/æt fɚst, ðɪs lʊkt laɪk ə smɔl dɪˈsɪʒən əˈbaʊt ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɹisɔɹsɪz, bʌt ɪts ɹɪˈzʌlt sun bɪˈkeɪm ˈvɪzɪbəl./
The case raises a broader question: how finite resources require fair and careful management.
/ðə keɪs ˈɹeɪzɪz ə ˈbɹɔdɚ ˈkwɛst͡ʃən: haʊ ˈfaɪˌnaɪt ˈɹisɔɹsɪz ɹɪˈkwaɪɚ fɛɹ ænd ˈkɛɹfəl ˈmænɪd͡ʒmənt./
It is essential that every proposal about natural resources be evaluated against the same criteria.
/ɪt ɪz ɪˈsɛnʃəl ðæt ˈɛvɹi pɹəˈpoʊzəl əˈbaʊt ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɹisɔɹsɪz bi ɪˈvæljuˌeɪtɪd əˈɡɛnst ðə seɪm kɹaɪˈtɪɹiə./
The example draws attention to a natural resource, which can shape how people respond to natural resources.
/ðə ɪɡˈzæmpəl dɹɔz əˈtɛnʃən tə ə ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɹisɔɹs, wɪt͡ʃ kən ʃeɪp haʊ ˈpipəl ɹɪˈspɑnd tə ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɹisɔɹsɪz./
A closer look at a water scarcity reveals a practical side of natural resources that general opinions often miss.
/ə ˈkloʊsɚ lʊk æt ə ˈwɔtɚ ˈskɛɹsɪti ɹɪˈvilz ə ˈpɹæktɪkəl saɪd əv ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɹisɔɹsɪz ðæt ˈd͡ʒɛnɚəl əˈpɪnjənz ˈɔftən mɪs./
A convincing view of natural resources gives a reason and then tests it against a concrete example.
/ə kənˈvɪnsɪŋ vju əv ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɹisɔɹsɪz ɡɪvz ə ˈɹizən ænd ðɛn tɛsts ɪt əˈɡɛnst ə ˈkɑŋkɹit ɪɡˈzæmpəl./
The result matters because it shows whether a response to natural resources worked in practice.
/ðə ɹɪˈzʌlt ˈmætɚz bɪˈkʌz ɪt ʃoʊz ˈwɛðɚ ə ɹɪˈspɑns tə ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɹisɔɹsɪz wɚkt ɪn ˈpɹæktɪs./
Personal experience can introduce natural resources, but a wider judgement also needs evidence.
/ˈpɚsənəl ɪkˈspɪɹiəns kən ˌɪntɹoʊˈdus ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɹisɔɹsɪz, bʌt ə ˈwaɪdɚ ˈd͡ʒʌd͡ʒmənt ˈɔlsoʊ nidz ˈɛvədəns./
A sensible choice about natural resources compares immediate convenience with longer-term effects.
/ə ˈsɛnsɪbəl t͡ʃɔɪs əˈbaʊt ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɹisɔɹsɪz kəmˈpɛɹz ɪˈmidiɪt kənˈvinjəns wɪθ ˈlɔŋɡɚ tɚm ɪˈfɛkts./
The main advantage of one response to natural resources should be clear enough to observe or measure.
/ðə meɪn ædˈvæntɪd͡ʒ əv wʌn ɹɪˈspɑns tə ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɹisɔɹsɪz ʃʊd bi klɪɹ ɪˈnʌf tə əbˈzɚv ɔɹ ˈmɛʒɚ./
A clearly defined problem makes it easier to choose an appropriate response to natural resources.
/ə ˈklɪɹli dɪˈfaɪnd ˈpɹɑbləm meɪks ɪt ˈiziɚ tə t͡ʃuz ən əˈpɹoʊpɹiɪt ɹɪˈspɑns tə ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɹisɔɹsɪz./
A practical solution to natural resources should fit local needs and remain realistic over time.
/ə ˈpɹæktɪkəl səˈluʃən tə ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɹisɔɹsɪz ʃʊd fɪt ˈloʊkəl nidz ænd ɹɪˈmeɪn ˌɹiəˈlɪstɪk ˈoʊvɚ taɪm./
Personal experience is a useful starting point, but evidence about natural resources must also include other groups and conditions.
/ˈpɚsənəl ɪkˈspɪɹiəns ɪz ə ˈjusfəl ˈstɑɹtɪŋ pɔɪnt, bʌt ˈɛvədəns əˈbaʊt ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɹisɔɹsɪz mʌst ˈɔlsoʊ ɪŋˈklud ˈʌðɚ ɡɹups ænd kənˈdɪʃənz./
A single example can show that a response is possible; it cannot prove that the response will work everywhere.
/ə ˈsɪŋɡəl ɪɡˈzæmpəl kən ʃoʊ ðæt ə ɹɪˈspɑns ɪz ˈpɑsəbəl; ɪt kæˈnɑt pɹuv ðæt ðə ɹɪˈspɑns wɪl wɚk ˈɛvɹiˌwɛɹ./
For that reason, responsible decisions define a goal, observe the result, and change direction when the evidence is weak.
/fɚ ðæt ˈɹizən, ɹiˈspɑnsɪbəl dɪˈsɪʒənz dɪˈfaɪn ə ɡoʊl, əbˈzɚv ðə ɹɪˈzʌlt, ænd t͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ dɪˈɹɛkʃən wɛn ðə ˈɛvədəns ɪz wik./
A positive change in natural resources becomes credible when people can explain how it happened.
/ə ˈpɑzɪtɪv t͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ ɪn ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɹisɔɹsɪz bɪˈkʌmz ˈkɹɛdɪbəl wɛn ˈpipəl kən ɪkˈspleɪn haʊ ɪt ˈhæpənd./
Practical support can help people respond to natural resources without removing individual responsibility.
/ˈpɹæktɪkəl səˈpɔɹt kən hɛlp ˈpipəl ɹɪˈspɑnd tə ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɹisɔɹsɪz wɪˈðaʊt ɹiˈmuvɪŋ ˌɪndɪˈvɪd͡ʒuəl ɹiˌspɑnsɪˈbɪləti./
Communities can develop a practical response to natural resources by testing a small change first.
/kəˈmjunɪtiz kən dɪˈvɛləp ə ˈpɹæktɪkəl ɹɪˈspɑns tə ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɹisɔɹsɪz baɪ ˈtɛstɪŋ ə smɔl t͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ fɚst./
The effect of natural resources may vary according to a person's needs, resources, and circumstances.
/ðə ɪˈfɛkt əv ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɹisɔɹsɪz meɪ ˈvɛɹi əˈkɔɹdɪŋ tə ə ˈpɚsənz nidz, ˈɹisɔɹsɪz, ænd ˈsɚkəmˌstænsɪz./
People can describe an experience when a real situation involving natural resources requires action.
/ˈpipəl kən dɪˈskɹaɪb ən ɪkˈspɪɹiəns wɛn ə ɹil ˌsɪt͡ʃuˈeɪʃən ɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɹisɔɹsɪz ɹiˈkwaɪɚz ˈækʃən./
People can compare two responses to natural resources only when they use the same criteria.
/ˈpipəl kən kəmˈpɛɹ tu ɹɪˈspɑnsɪz tə ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɹisɔɹsɪz ˈoʊnli wɛn ðeɪ juz ðə seɪm kɹaɪˈtɪɹiə./
However, an early success can hide a cost that appears later.
/ˌhaʊˈɛvɚ, ən ˈɚli səkˈsɛs kən haɪd ə kɔst ðæt əˈpɪɹz ˈleɪtɚ./
This matters because the decision changes what people can do in ordinary life.
/ðɪs ˈmætɚz bɪˈkʌz ðə dɪˈsɪʒən ˈt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒɪz wʌt ˈpipəl kən du ɪn ˈɔɹdɪˌnɛɹi laɪf./
Although one response may help, no single solution will suit every person.
/ɔlˈðoʊ wʌn ɹɪˈspɑns meɪ hɛlp, noʊ ˈsɪŋɡəl səˈluʃən wɪl sut ˈɛvɹi ˈpɚsən./
The most practical lesson is that natural resources should be judged through real effects rather than attractive slogans.
/ðə moʊst ˈpɹæktɪkəl ˈlɛsən ɪz ðæt ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɹisɔɹsɪz ʃʊd bi d͡ʒʌd͡ʒd θɹu ɹil ɪˈfɛkts ˈɹæðɚ ðən əˈtɹæktɪv ˈsloʊɡənz./
Good decisions connect a clear purpose with evidence, human experience, and the willingness to revise a weak approach.
/ɡʊd dɪˈsɪʒənz kəˈnɛkt ə klɪɹ ˈpɚpəs wɪθ ˈɛvədəns, ˈhjumən ɪkˈspɪɹiəns, ænd ðə ˈwɪlɪŋnəs tə ɹɪˈvaɪz ə wik əˈpɹoʊt͡ʃ./
When those parts stay connected, the topic becomes easier to discuss in daily conversation and in an IELTS answer.
/wɛn ðoʊz pɑɹts steɪ kəˈnɛktɪd, ðə ˈtɑpɪk bɪˈkʌmz ˈiziɚ tə dɪˈskʌs ɪn ˈdeɪli ˌkɑnvɚˈseɪʃən ænd ɪn ən aɪ ɛl ti ɛs ˈænsɚ./
02 · Vocabulary
n./phrase · 资源
a key idea used when discussing natural resources
natural resource
n./phrase · 稀缺
a key idea used when discussing natural resources
water scarcity
n. · 原因
a cause or explanation
give a reason
n. · 结果
something that happens because of an action
as a result
n./v. · 经历；体验
knowledge gained by doing something
personal experience
n. · 选择
an act of choosing between possibilities
make a choice
n. · 优点
a condition that gives a benefit
main advantage
n. · 问题
a situation that needs a solution
solve a problem
n. · 解决办法
a way of solving a problem
practical solution
n./v. · 改变
to become different
positive change
n./v. · 支持
help that makes something possible
support an idea
v. · 发展
to grow or become more advanced
develop a skill
n. · 影响；结果
a change caused by something
have an effect on
v. · 描述
to say what someone or something is like
describe an experience
v. · 比较
to examine how things are similar or different
compare two options
adv. · 然而
used to introduce a contrasting idea
however, some people
conj. · 因为
for the reason that
because of
conj. · 尽管
despite the fact that
although it is
03 · Chunks
natural resource资源；保留结构，替换一个真实细节。water scarcity稀缺；保留结构，替换一个真实细节。give a reason原因；保留结构，替换一个真实细节。as a result结果；保留结构，替换一个真实细节。personal experience经历；体验；保留结构，替换一个真实细节。make a choice选择；保留结构，替换一个真实细节。main advantage优点；保留结构，替换一个真实细节。solve a problem问题；保留结构，替换一个真实细节。04 · Grammar
这个结构负责把事实、原因、条件或立场组织成一个边界清楚的复杂句。
结构：main clause + logical relationship + supporting clause
原文证据：It is essential that every proposal about natural resources be evaluated against the same criteria.
常见错误：先保证两个分句都完整，再追求句式复杂度；不要用连接词拼接残句。
你的替换：保留结构，把主题换成自己的工作、生活或学习经历。
05 · Pronunciation
练法：慢读单词 → 读完整搭配 → 回到原句；每一步只录一遍，听完再修正。
06 · Spiral review
Day 253、Day 251、Day 247、Day 240、Day 224
07 · Speak with AI
你是我的一对一英语口语教练。今天是 Day 254，主题是 natural resources，程度目标是 B2。
先让我用自己的话复述今天的文章；一次只问一个问题，并等待我回答。
如果我卡住，只给 2–4 个关键词或一个句首，不要直接给完整答案。
请引导我使用这些词：resource, scarcity, reason, result, experience, choice, advantage, problem, solution, change。
我的回答至少包含：一个事实、一个原因、一个具体例子、一个结果或判断。
每轮结束后只纠正最影响理解的 1 个语法问题和 1 个发音问题，然后让我重新回答同一个问题。
最后让我脱稿回答：How is natural resources connected to your real life, and what have you learned from it?
结束时用中文列出：做得好的证据、需要修正的两点、三个可复用句型、明天应复习的内容。08 · Imitation
必须回收
resource, scarcity, reason, result, experience, choice, advantage, problem, solution, change09 · Three-hour path