今天先读文章。所有语法、词汇、短语和发音都从这篇文章里学，不需要先读一页操作说明。
01 · Anchor passage
A school provided breakfast and transport so low-income pupils could attend regularly and concentrate.
/ə skul pɹəˈvaɪdɪd ˈbɹɛkfəst ænd ˈtɹænspɔɹt soʊ loʊ ˈɪŋˌkʌm ˈpjupəlz kʊd əˈtɛnd ˈɹɛɡjəlɚli ænd ˈkɔnsənˌtɹeɪt./
学校提供早餐和交通，以便低收入学生可以定期上课并集中注意力。
A school provided breakfast — 保留结构，替换真实细节。At first, this looked like a small decision about poverty, but its result soon became visible.
/æt fɚst, ðɪs lʊkt laɪk ə smɔl dɪˈsɪʒən əˈbaʊt ˈpɑvɚti, bʌt ɪts ɹɪˈzʌlt sun bɪˈkeɪm ˈvɪzɪbəl./
起初，这看起来只是一个关于贫困的小决定，但其结果很快就显而易见了。
poverty — 保留结构，替换真实细节。The case raises a broader question: how low income restricts health, education, and choice.
/ðə keɪs ˈɹeɪzɪz ə ˈbɹɔdɚ ˈkwɛst͡ʃən: haʊ loʊ ˈɪŋˌkʌm ɹiˈstɹɪkts hɛlθ, ˌɛd͡ʒəˈkeɪʃən, ænd t͡ʃɔɪs./
该案提出了一个更广泛的问题：低收入如何限制健康、教育和选择。
The case raises a — 保留结构，替换真实细节。A natural English sentence states the subject and action directly instead of copying Chinese word order.
/ə ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ˈsɛntəns steɪts ðə ˈsʌbd͡ʒɪkt ænd ˈækʃən dɪˈɹɛktli ɪnˈstɛd əv ˈkɑpiɪŋ t͡ʃaɪˈniz wɚd ˈɔɹdɚ./
自然的英语句子直接陈述主语和动作，而不是照搬中文词序。
instead of — 保留结构，替换真实细节。People can reduce poverty when a real situation involving poverty requires action.
/ˈpipəl kən ɹɪˈdus ˈpɑvɚti wɛn ə ɹil ˌsɪt͡ʃuˈeɪʃən ɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ˈpɑvɚti ɹiˈkwaɪɚz ˈækʃən./
当贫困的实际情况需要采取行动时，人们就可以减少贫困。
reduce poverty — 保留结构，替换真实细节。A closer look at a material deprivation reveals a practical side of poverty that general opinions often miss.
/ə ˈkloʊsɚ lʊk æt ə məˈtɪɹiəl ˌdɛpɹəˈveɪʃən ɹɪˈvilz ə ˈpɹæktɪkəl saɪd əv ˈpɑvɚti ðæt ˈd͡ʒɛnɚəl əˈpɪnjənz ˈɔftən mɪs./
仔细观察物质匮乏，就会发现一般观点常常忽视的贫困的实际一面。
poverty — 保留结构，替换真实细节。The evidence is incomplete; therefore, the decision should remain open to revision.
/ðə ˈɛvədəns ɪz ɪŋkəmˈplit; ˈðɛɹˌfɔɹ, ðə dɪˈsɪʒən ʃʊd ɹɪˈmeɪn ˈoʊpən tə ɹiˈvɪʒən./
证据不全；因此，该决定仍可修改。
therefore — 保留结构，替换真实细节。People may judge the importance of a from this perspective differently because their needs and resources are not identical.
/ˈpipəl meɪ d͡ʒʌd͡ʒ ðə ɪmˈpɔɹtəns əv ə fɹʌm ðɪs pɚˈspɛktɪv ˈdɪfɹəntli bɪˈkʌz ðɛɹ nidz ænd ˈɹisɔɹsɪz ɑɹ nɑt aɪˈdɛntɪkəl./
人们可能会从这个角度对a的重要性做出不同的判断，因为他们的需求和资源并不相同。
from this perspective — 保留结构，替换真实细节。In practice, an upward trend can connect an individual experience of poverty with a wider consequence.
/ɪn ˈpɹæktɪs, ən ˈʌpwɚd tɹɛnd kən kəˈnɛkt ən ˌɪndɪˈvɪd͡ʒuəl ɪkˈspɪɹiəns əv ˈpɑvɚti wɪθ ə ˈwaɪdɚ ˈkɑnsəkwəns./
实际上，上升趋势可以将个人的贫困经历与更广泛的后果联系起来。
poverty — 保留结构，替换真实细节。The case shows why a substantial effect matters when people make decisions about poverty.
/ðə keɪs ʃoʊz waɪ ə sʌbˈstænʃəl ɪˈfɛkt ˈmætɚz wɛn ˈpipəl meɪk dɪˈsɪʒənz əˈbaʊt ˈpɑvɚti./
案件表明，当人们就贫困问题作出决定时，实质影响为何重要。
poverty — 保留结构，替换真实细节。A complex issue can change how people understand and respond to poverty.
/ə kəmˈplɛks ˈɪʃu kən t͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ haʊ ˈpipəl ˌʌndɚˈstænd ænd ɹɪˈspɑnd tə ˈpɑvɚti./
一个复杂的问题可能会改变人们对贫困的理解和应对方式。
poverty — 保留结构，替换真实细节。When discussing poverty, people should explain why a crucial factor matters.
/wɛn dɪˈskʌsɪŋ ˈpɑvɚti, ˈpipəl ʃʊd ɪkˈspleɪn waɪ ə ˈkɹuʃəl ˈfæktɚ ˈmætɚz./
在讨论贫穷问题时，人们应当解释一个关键因素为何重要。
poverty — 保留结构，替换真实细节。When conditions deteriorate, people need a clear and practical response to poverty.
/wɛn kənˈdɪʃənz dɪˈtɪɹiɚˌeɪt, ˈpipəl nid ə klɪɹ ænd ˈpɹæktɪkəl ɹɪˈspɑns tə ˈpɑvɚti./
当情况恶化时，人们需要对贫穷作出明确和切实的反应。
poverty — 保留结构，替换真实细节。Personal experience is a useful starting point, but evidence about poverty must also include other groups and conditions.
/ˈpɚsənəl ɪkˈspɪɹiəns ɪz ə ˈjusfəl ˈstɑɹtɪŋ pɔɪnt, bʌt ˈɛvədəns əˈbaʊt ˈpɑvɚti mʌst ˈɔlsoʊ ɪŋˈklud ˈʌðɚ ɡɹups ænd kənˈdɪʃənz./
个人经历是一个有用的起点，但有关贫困的证据还必须包括其他群体和条件。
poverty — 保留结构，替换真实细节。A single example can show that a response is possible; it cannot prove that the response will work everywhere.
/ə ˈsɪŋɡəl ɪɡˈzæmpəl kən ʃoʊ ðæt ə ɹɪˈspɑns ɪz ˈpɑsəbəl; ɪt kæˈnɑt pɹuv ðæt ðə ɹɪˈspɑns wɪl wɚk ˈɛvɹiˌwɛɹ./
一个例子就可以表明响应是可能的；它不能证明这种应对措施在任何地方都有效。
example — 保留结构，替换真实细节。For that reason, responsible decisions define a goal, observe the result, and change direction when the evidence is weak.
/fɚ ðæt ˈɹizən, ɹiˈspɑnsɪbəl dɪˈsɪʒənz dɪˈfaɪn ə ɡoʊl, əbˈzɚv ðə ɹɪˈzʌlt, ænd t͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ dɪˈɹɛkʃən wɛn ðə ˈɛvədəns ɪz wik./
因此，负责任的决策会定义目标，观察结果，并在证据薄弱时改变方向。
reason — 保留结构，替换真实细节。A carefully designed response can enhance the positive effects of poverty without hiding its risks.
/ə ˈkɛɹfəli dɪˈzaɪnd ɹɪˈspɑns kən ɪnˈhæns ðə ˈpɑzɪtɪv ɪˈfɛkts əv ˈpɑvɚti wɪˈðaʊt ˈhaɪdɪŋ ɪts ɹɪsks./
精心设计的应对措施可以增强贫困的积极影响，同时又不隐藏其风险。
poverty — 保留结构，替换真实细节。People can reduce inequality when a real situation involving poverty requires action.
/ˈpipəl kən ɹɪˈdus ˌɪnɪˈkwɑləti wɛn ə ɹil ˌsɪt͡ʃuˈeɪʃən ɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ˈpɑvɚti ɹiˈkwaɪɚz ˈækʃən./
当涉及贫困的实际情况需要采取行动时，人们可以减少不平等。
poverty — 保留结构，替换真实细节。People usually notice the value of poverty only after a real event changes their routine.
/ˈpipəl ˈjuʒəli ˈnoʊtɪs ðə ˈvælju əv ˈpɑvɚti ˈoʊnli ˈæftɚ ə ɹil ɪˈvɛnt ˈt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒɪz ðɛɹ ɹuˈtin./
人们通常只有在真正的事件改变了他们的日常生活之后才会注意到贫困的价值。
poverty — 保留结构，替换真实细节。A clear explanation can change how people understand and respond to poverty.
/ə klɪɹ ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən kən t͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ haʊ ˈpipəl ˌʌndɚˈstænd ænd ɹɪˈspɑnd tə ˈpɑvɚti./
清晰的解释可以改变人们对贫困的理解和应对方式。
poverty — 保留结构，替换真实细节。A concrete example of poverty makes the central idea easier to understand and evaluate.
/ə ˈkɑŋkɹit ɪɡˈzæmpəl əv ˈpɑvɚti meɪks ðə ˈsɛntɹəl aɪˈdiə ˈiziɚ tə ˌʌndɚˈstænd ænd ɪˈvæljuˌeɪt./
贫困的具体例子使中心思想更容易理解和评估。
poverty — 保留结构，替换真实细节。People can describe an experience when a real situation involving poverty requires action.
/ˈpipəl kən dɪˈskɹaɪb ən ɪkˈspɪɹiəns wɛn ə ɹil ˌsɪt͡ʃuˈeɪʃən ɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ˈpɑvɚti ɹiˈkwaɪɚz ˈækʃən./
人们可以描述当涉及贫困的真实情况需要采取行动时的经历。
poverty — 保留结构，替换真实细节。People can compare two responses to poverty only when they use the same criteria.
/ˈpipəl kən kəmˈpɛɹ tu ɹɪˈspɑnsɪz tə ˈpɑvɚti ˈoʊnli wɛn ðeɪ juz ðə seɪm kɹaɪˈtɪɹiə./
人们只有使用相同的标准才能比较两种对贫困的反应。
poverty — 保留结构，替换真实细节。A convincing view of poverty gives a reason and then tests it against a concrete example.
/ə kənˈvɪnsɪŋ vju əv ˈpɑvɚti ɡɪvz ə ˈɹizən ænd ðɛn tɛsts ɪt əˈɡɛnst ə ˈkɑŋkɹit ɪɡˈzæmpəl./
对贫困的令人信服的看法给出了一个理由，然后用一个具体的例子来检验它。
poverty — 保留结构，替换真实细节。The result matters because it shows whether a response to poverty worked in practice.
/ðə ɹɪˈzʌlt ˈmætɚz bɪˈkʌz ɪt ʃoʊz ˈwɛðɚ ə ɹɪˈspɑns tə ˈpɑvɚti wɚkt ɪn ˈpɹæktɪs./
其结果很重要，因为它表明对贫穷的反应在实践中是否奏效。
poverty — 保留结构，替换真实细节。The most practical lesson is that poverty should be judged through real effects rather than attractive slogans.
/ðə moʊst ˈpɹæktɪkəl ˈlɛsən ɪz ðæt ˈpɑvɚti ʃʊd bi d͡ʒʌd͡ʒd θɹu ɹil ɪˈfɛkts ˈɹæðɚ ðən əˈtɹæktɪv ˈsloʊɡənz./
最实际的教训是，应通过实际效果而不是有吸引力的口号来判断贫穷。
poverty — 保留结构，替换真实细节。This method turns passive vocabulary into usable language because each important word carries a clear job inside the argument.
/ðɪs ˈmɛθəd tɚnz ˈpæsɪv voʊˈkæbjəˌlɛɹi ˈɪntu ˈjuzəbəl ˈlæŋɡwɪd͡ʒ bɪˈkʌz it͡ʃ ɪmˈpɔɹtənt wɚd ˈkɛɹiz ə klɪɹ d͡ʒɑb ˈɪnˌsaɪd ðə ˈɑɹɡjəmənt./
这种方法将被动词汇转化为可用的语言，因为每个重要词在论证中都带有明确的工作。
clear — 保留结构，替换真实细节。Good decisions connect a clear purpose with evidence, human experience, and the willingness to revise a weak approach.
/ɡʊd dɪˈsɪʒənz kəˈnɛkt ə klɪɹ ˈpɚpəs wɪθ ˈɛvədəns, ˈhjumən ɪkˈspɪɹiəns, ænd ðə ˈwɪlɪŋnəs tə ɹɪˈvaɪz ə wik əˈpɹoʊt͡ʃ./
好的决定会把明确目标、事实证据、人的真实经验，以及修正薄弱方案的意愿联系起来。
clear — 保留结构，替换真实细节。When those parts stay connected, the topic becomes easier to discuss in daily conversation and in an IELTS answer.
/wɛn ðoʊz pɑɹts steɪ kəˈnɛktɪd, ðə ˈtɑpɪk bɪˈkʌmz ˈiziɚ tə dɪˈskʌs ɪn ˈdeɪli ˌkɑnvɚˈseɪʃən ænd ɪn ən aɪ ɛl ti ɛs ˈænsɚ./
当这些部分保持连贯时，无论日常交流还是 IELTS 回答，这个主题都会更容易展开。
When those parts stay — 保留结构，替换真实细节。A school provided breakfast and transport so low-income pupils could attend regularly and concentrate.
/ə skul pɹəˈvaɪdɪd ˈbɹɛkfəst ænd ˈtɹænspɔɹt soʊ loʊ ˈɪŋˌkʌm ˈpjupəlz kʊd əˈtɛnd ˈɹɛɡjəlɚli ænd ˈkɔnsənˌtɹeɪt./
At first, this looked like a small decision about poverty, but its result soon became visible.
/æt fɚst, ðɪs lʊkt laɪk ə smɔl dɪˈsɪʒən əˈbaʊt ˈpɑvɚti, bʌt ɪts ɹɪˈzʌlt sun bɪˈkeɪm ˈvɪzɪbəl./
The case raises a broader question: how low income restricts health, education, and choice.
/ðə keɪs ˈɹeɪzɪz ə ˈbɹɔdɚ ˈkwɛst͡ʃən: haʊ loʊ ˈɪŋˌkʌm ɹiˈstɹɪkts hɛlθ, ˌɛd͡ʒəˈkeɪʃən, ænd t͡ʃɔɪs./
A natural English sentence states the subject and action directly instead of copying Chinese word order.
/ə ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ˈsɛntəns steɪts ðə ˈsʌbd͡ʒɪkt ænd ˈækʃən dɪˈɹɛktli ɪnˈstɛd əv ˈkɑpiɪŋ t͡ʃaɪˈniz wɚd ˈɔɹdɚ./
People can reduce poverty when a real situation involving poverty requires action.
/ˈpipəl kən ɹɪˈdus ˈpɑvɚti wɛn ə ɹil ˌsɪt͡ʃuˈeɪʃən ɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ˈpɑvɚti ɹiˈkwaɪɚz ˈækʃən./
A closer look at a material deprivation reveals a practical side of poverty that general opinions often miss.
/ə ˈkloʊsɚ lʊk æt ə məˈtɪɹiəl ˌdɛpɹəˈveɪʃən ɹɪˈvilz ə ˈpɹæktɪkəl saɪd əv ˈpɑvɚti ðæt ˈd͡ʒɛnɚəl əˈpɪnjənz ˈɔftən mɪs./
The evidence is incomplete; therefore, the decision should remain open to revision.
/ðə ˈɛvədəns ɪz ɪŋkəmˈplit; ˈðɛɹˌfɔɹ, ðə dɪˈsɪʒən ʃʊd ɹɪˈmeɪn ˈoʊpən tə ɹiˈvɪʒən./
People may judge the importance of a from this perspective differently because their needs and resources are not identical.
/ˈpipəl meɪ d͡ʒʌd͡ʒ ðə ɪmˈpɔɹtəns əv ə fɹʌm ðɪs pɚˈspɛktɪv ˈdɪfɹəntli bɪˈkʌz ðɛɹ nidz ænd ˈɹisɔɹsɪz ɑɹ nɑt aɪˈdɛntɪkəl./
In practice, an upward trend can connect an individual experience of poverty with a wider consequence.
/ɪn ˈpɹæktɪs, ən ˈʌpwɚd tɹɛnd kən kəˈnɛkt ən ˌɪndɪˈvɪd͡ʒuəl ɪkˈspɪɹiəns əv ˈpɑvɚti wɪθ ə ˈwaɪdɚ ˈkɑnsəkwəns./
The case shows why a substantial effect matters when people make decisions about poverty.
/ðə keɪs ʃoʊz waɪ ə sʌbˈstænʃəl ɪˈfɛkt ˈmætɚz wɛn ˈpipəl meɪk dɪˈsɪʒənz əˈbaʊt ˈpɑvɚti./
A complex issue can change how people understand and respond to poverty.
/ə kəmˈplɛks ˈɪʃu kən t͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ haʊ ˈpipəl ˌʌndɚˈstænd ænd ɹɪˈspɑnd tə ˈpɑvɚti./
When discussing poverty, people should explain why a crucial factor matters.
/wɛn dɪˈskʌsɪŋ ˈpɑvɚti, ˈpipəl ʃʊd ɪkˈspleɪn waɪ ə ˈkɹuʃəl ˈfæktɚ ˈmætɚz./
When conditions deteriorate, people need a clear and practical response to poverty.
/wɛn kənˈdɪʃənz dɪˈtɪɹiɚˌeɪt, ˈpipəl nid ə klɪɹ ænd ˈpɹæktɪkəl ɹɪˈspɑns tə ˈpɑvɚti./
Personal experience is a useful starting point, but evidence about poverty must also include other groups and conditions.
/ˈpɚsənəl ɪkˈspɪɹiəns ɪz ə ˈjusfəl ˈstɑɹtɪŋ pɔɪnt, bʌt ˈɛvədəns əˈbaʊt ˈpɑvɚti mʌst ˈɔlsoʊ ɪŋˈklud ˈʌðɚ ɡɹups ænd kənˈdɪʃənz./
A single example can show that a response is possible; it cannot prove that the response will work everywhere.
/ə ˈsɪŋɡəl ɪɡˈzæmpəl kən ʃoʊ ðæt ə ɹɪˈspɑns ɪz ˈpɑsəbəl; ɪt kæˈnɑt pɹuv ðæt ðə ɹɪˈspɑns wɪl wɚk ˈɛvɹiˌwɛɹ./
For that reason, responsible decisions define a goal, observe the result, and change direction when the evidence is weak.
/fɚ ðæt ˈɹizən, ɹiˈspɑnsɪbəl dɪˈsɪʒənz dɪˈfaɪn ə ɡoʊl, əbˈzɚv ðə ɹɪˈzʌlt, ænd t͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ dɪˈɹɛkʃən wɛn ðə ˈɛvədəns ɪz wik./
A carefully designed response can enhance the positive effects of poverty without hiding its risks.
/ə ˈkɛɹfəli dɪˈzaɪnd ɹɪˈspɑns kən ɪnˈhæns ðə ˈpɑzɪtɪv ɪˈfɛkts əv ˈpɑvɚti wɪˈðaʊt ˈhaɪdɪŋ ɪts ɹɪsks./
People can reduce inequality when a real situation involving poverty requires action.
/ˈpipəl kən ɹɪˈdus ˌɪnɪˈkwɑləti wɛn ə ɹil ˌsɪt͡ʃuˈeɪʃən ɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ˈpɑvɚti ɹiˈkwaɪɚz ˈækʃən./
People usually notice the value of poverty only after a real event changes their routine.
/ˈpipəl ˈjuʒəli ˈnoʊtɪs ðə ˈvælju əv ˈpɑvɚti ˈoʊnli ˈæftɚ ə ɹil ɪˈvɛnt ˈt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒɪz ðɛɹ ɹuˈtin./
A clear explanation can change how people understand and respond to poverty.
/ə klɪɹ ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən kən t͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ haʊ ˈpipəl ˌʌndɚˈstænd ænd ɹɪˈspɑnd tə ˈpɑvɚti./
A concrete example of poverty makes the central idea easier to understand and evaluate.
/ə ˈkɑŋkɹit ɪɡˈzæmpəl əv ˈpɑvɚti meɪks ðə ˈsɛntɹəl aɪˈdiə ˈiziɚ tə ˌʌndɚˈstænd ænd ɪˈvæljuˌeɪt./
People can describe an experience when a real situation involving poverty requires action.
/ˈpipəl kən dɪˈskɹaɪb ən ɪkˈspɪɹiəns wɛn ə ɹil ˌsɪt͡ʃuˈeɪʃən ɪnˈvɑlvɪŋ ˈpɑvɚti ɹiˈkwaɪɚz ˈækʃən./
People can compare two responses to poverty only when they use the same criteria.
/ˈpipəl kən kəmˈpɛɹ tu ɹɪˈspɑnsɪz tə ˈpɑvɚti ˈoʊnli wɛn ðeɪ juz ðə seɪm kɹaɪˈtɪɹiə./
A convincing view of poverty gives a reason and then tests it against a concrete example.
/ə kənˈvɪnsɪŋ vju əv ˈpɑvɚti ɡɪvz ə ˈɹizən ænd ðɛn tɛsts ɪt əˈɡɛnst ə ˈkɑŋkɹit ɪɡˈzæmpəl./
The result matters because it shows whether a response to poverty worked in practice.
/ðə ɹɪˈzʌlt ˈmætɚz bɪˈkʌz ɪt ʃoʊz ˈwɛðɚ ə ɹɪˈspɑns tə ˈpɑvɚti wɚkt ɪn ˈpɹæktɪs./
The most practical lesson is that poverty should be judged through real effects rather than attractive slogans.
/ðə moʊst ˈpɹæktɪkəl ˈlɛsən ɪz ðæt ˈpɑvɚti ʃʊd bi d͡ʒʌd͡ʒd θɹu ɹil ɪˈfɛkts ˈɹæðɚ ðən əˈtɹæktɪv ˈsloʊɡənz./
This method turns passive vocabulary into usable language because each important word carries a clear job inside the argument.
/ðɪs ˈmɛθəd tɚnz ˈpæsɪv voʊˈkæbjəˌlɛɹi ˈɪntu ˈjuzəbəl ˈlæŋɡwɪd͡ʒ bɪˈkʌz it͡ʃ ɪmˈpɔɹtənt wɚd ˈkɛɹiz ə klɪɹ d͡ʒɑb ˈɪnˌsaɪd ðə ˈɑɹɡjəmənt./
Good decisions connect a clear purpose with evidence, human experience, and the willingness to revise a weak approach.
/ɡʊd dɪˈsɪʒənz kəˈnɛkt ə klɪɹ ˈpɚpəs wɪθ ˈɛvədəns, ˈhjumən ɪkˈspɪɹiəns, ænd ðə ˈwɪlɪŋnəs tə ɹɪˈvaɪz ə wik əˈpɹoʊt͡ʃ./
When those parts stay connected, the topic becomes easier to discuss in daily conversation and in an IELTS answer.
/wɛn ðoʊz pɑɹts steɪ kəˈnɛktɪd, ðə ˈtɑpɪk bɪˈkʌmz ˈiziɚ tə dɪˈskʌs ɪn ˈdeɪli ˌkɑnvɚˈseɪʃən ænd ɪn ən aɪ ɛl ti ɛs ˈænsɚ./
02 · Vocabulary
n./phrase · 贫困
a key idea used when discussing poverty
reduce poverty
n./phrase · 匮乏
a key idea used when discussing poverty
material deprivation
adv. · 因此
for that reason
therefore, governments
n. · 视角
a particular way of viewing something
from this perspective
n. · 趋势
a general direction of change
an upward trend
adj. · 大量的；实质的
large in amount or importance
a substantial difference
adj. · 复杂的
made of connected parts and difficult to understand
a complex issue
adj. · 关键的
extremely important
a crucial role
v. · 恶化
to become worse
conditions deteriorate
v. · 提升
to improve the quality or value
enhance performance
n. · 不平等
an unfair difference in opportunity or wealth
reduce inequality
adv. · 通常
in the way that happens most often
usually study
adj. · 清楚的
easy to hear or understand
a clear answer
n. · 例子
something that shows what you mean
give an example
v. · 描述
to say what someone or something is like
describe an experience
v. · 比较
to examine how things are similar or different
compare two options
n. · 原因
a cause or explanation
give a reason
n. · 结果
something that happens because of an action
as a result
03 · Chunks
reduce poverty贫困；保留结构，替换一个真实细节。material deprivation匮乏；保留结构，替换一个真实细节。therefore, governments因此；保留结构，替换一个真实细节。from this perspective视角；保留结构，替换一个真实细节。an upward trend趋势；保留结构，替换一个真实细节。a substantial difference大量的；实质的；保留结构，替换一个真实细节。a complex issue复杂的；保留结构，替换一个真实细节。a crucial role关键的；保留结构，替换一个真实细节。04 · Grammar
这个结构负责把事实、原因、条件或立场组织成一个边界清楚的复杂句。
结构：main clause + logical relationship + supporting clause
原文证据：A natural English sentence states the subject and action directly instead of copying Chinese word order.
常见错误：先保证两个分句都完整，再追求句式复杂度；不要用连接词拼接残句。
你的替换：保留结构，把主题换成自己的工作、生活或学习经历。
05 · Pronunciation
练法：慢读单词 → 读完整搭配 → 回到原句；每一步只录一遍，听完再修正。
06 · Spiral review
Day 259、Day 257、Day 253、Day 246、Day 230
07 · Speak with AI
你是我的一对一英语口语教练。今天是 Day 260，主题是 poverty，程度目标是 B2。
先让我用自己的话复述今天的文章；一次只问一个问题，并等待我回答。
如果我卡住，只给 2–4 个关键词或一个句首，不要直接给完整答案。
请引导我使用这些词：poverty, deprivation, therefore, perspective, trend, substantial, complex, crucial, deteriorate, enhance。
我的回答至少包含：一个事实、一个原因、一个具体例子、一个结果或判断。
每轮结束后只纠正最影响理解的 1 个语法问题和 1 个发音问题，然后让我重新回答同一个问题。
最后让我脱稿回答：How is poverty connected to your real life, and what have you learned from it?
结束时用中文列出：做得好的证据、需要修正的两点、三个可复用句型、明天应复习的内容。08 · Imitation
必须回收
poverty, deprivation, therefore, perspective, trend, substantial, complex, crucial, deteriorate, enhance09 · Three-hour path