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01 · Anchor passage
A new library used shaded courtyards and natural ventilation to reduce heat without losing public space.
/ə nju ˈlaɪbɹɪɹi just ˈʃeɪdɪd ˈkɔɹˌtjɑɹdz ænd ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˌvɛntɪˈleɪʃən tə ɹɪˈdus hit wɪˈðaʊt ˈluzɪŋ ˈpʌblɪk speɪs./
一座新图书馆利用阴凉的庭院和自然通风来减少热量，同时又不损失公共空间。
A new library used — 保留结构，替换真实细节。At first, this looked like a small decision about architecture, but its result soon became visible.
/æt fɚst, ðɪs lʊkt laɪk ə smɔl dɪˈsɪʒən əˈbaʊt ˈɑɹkɪˌtɛkt͡ʃɚ, bʌt ɪts ɹɪˈzʌlt sun bɪˈkeɪm ˈvɪzɪbəl./
起初，这看起来像是一个关于架构的小决定，但其结果很快就变得可见。
architecture — 保留结构，替换真实细节。The case raises a broader question: how buildings combine function, identity, and resources.
/ðə keɪs ˈɹeɪzɪz ə ˈbɹɔdɚ ˈkwɛst͡ʃən: haʊ ˈbɪldɪŋz kəmˈbaɪn ˈfʌŋkʃən, aɪˈdɛntɪti, ænd ˈɹisɔɹsɪz./
该案提出了一个更广泛的问题：建筑物如何将功能、身份和资源结合起来。
The case raises a — 保留结构，替换真实细节。This approach has limits, but they do not make it useless.
/ðɪs əˈpɹoʊt͡ʃ hæz ˈlɪmɪts, bʌt ðeɪ du nɑt meɪk ɪt ˈjusləs./
这种做法是有限度的，但不会使其无用。
approach — 保留结构，替换真实细节。The example draws attention to modern architecture, which can shape how people respond to architecture.
/ðə ɪɡˈzæmpəl dɹɔz əˈtɛnʃən tə ˈmɑdɚn ˈɑɹkɪˌtɛkt͡ʃɚ, wɪt͡ʃ kən ʃeɪp haʊ ˈpipəl ɹɪˈspɑnd tə ˈɑɹkɪˌtɛkt͡ʃɚ./
这个例子引起了人们对现代建筑的注意，现代建筑可以塑造人们如何应对建筑。
modern architecture — 保留结构，替换真实细节。A closer look at a building structure reveals a practical side of architecture that general opinions often miss.
/ə ˈkloʊsɚ lʊk æt ə ˈbɪldɪŋ ˈstɹʌkt͡ʃɚ ɹɪˈvilz ə ˈpɹæktɪkəl saɪd əv ˈɑɹkɪˌtɛkt͡ʃɚ ðæt ˈd͡ʒɛnɚəl əˈpɪnjənz ˈɔftən mɪs./
仔细观察建筑结构可以揭示一般观点经常忽略的建筑实用的一面。
architecture — 保留结构，替换真实细节。Institutions should implement a policy on architecture only after consulting the people affected.
/ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz ʃʊd ˈɪmpləmɛnt ə ˈpɑlɪsi ɔn ˈɑɹkɪˌtɛkt͡ʃɚ ˈoʊnli ˈæftɚ kənˈsʌltɪŋ ðə ˈpipəl əˈfɛktɪd./
机构应仅在咨询受影响人群后才实施建筑政策。
architecture — 保留结构，替换真实细节。People can evaluate a decision about architecture by comparing its goal, cost, and result.
/ˈpipəl kən ɪˈvæljuˌeɪt ə dɪˈsɪʒən əˈbaʊt ˈɑɹkɪˌtɛkt͡ʃɚ baɪ kəmˈpɛɹɪŋ ɪts ɡoʊl, kɔst, ænd ɹɪˈzʌlt./
人们可以通过比较架构的目标、成本和结果来评估架构决策。
architecture — 保留结构，替换真实细节。When discussing architecture, people should explain why a viable solution matters.
/wɛn dɪˈskʌsɪŋ ˈɑɹkɪˌtɛkt͡ʃɚ, ˈpipəl ʃʊd ɪkˈspleɪn waɪ ə ˈvaɪəbəl səˈluʃən ˈmætɚz./
在讨论建筑问题时，人们应该解释一个可行的解决方案为何重要。
architecture — 保留结构，替换真实细节。The case shows why a widespread concern matters when people make decisions about architecture.
/ðə keɪs ʃoʊz waɪ ə ˈwaɪdˈspɹɛd kənˈsɚn ˈmætɚz wɛn ˈpipəl meɪk dɪˈsɪʒənz əˈbaʊt ˈɑɹkɪˌtɛkt͡ʃɚ./
案件表明，当人们就建筑问题作出决定时，为什么一个广泛的关切很重要。
architecture — 保留结构，替换真实细节。A compelling argument can change how people understand and respond to architecture.
/ə kəmˈpɛlɪŋ ˈɑɹɡjəmənt kən t͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ haʊ ˈpipəl ˌʌndɚˈstænd ænd ɹɪˈspɑnd tə ˈɑɹkɪˌtɛkt͡ʃɚ./
一个令人信服的论点可以改变人们对建筑的理解和反应。
architecture — 保留结构，替换真实细节。Poor communication can undermine trust in decisions about architecture.
/pʊɹ kəˌmjunɪˈkeɪʃən kən ˈʌndɚˌmaɪn tɹʌst ɪn dɪˈsɪʒənz əˈbaʊt ˈɑɹkɪˌtɛkt͡ʃɚ./
沟通不畅会破坏对架构决策的信任。
architecture — 保留结构，替换真实细节。Clear information can facilitate cooperation when a community responds to architecture.
/klɪɹ ˌɪnfɔɹˈmeɪʃən kən fəˈsɪlɪˌteɪt koʊˌɑpɚˈeɪʃən wɛn ə kəˈmjunɪti ɹɪˈspɑndz tə ˈɑɹkɪˌtɛkt͡ʃɚ./
当社区对架构做出反应时，清晰的信息可以促进合作。
architecture — 保留结构，替换真实细节。In practice, an income disparity can connect an individual experience of architecture with a wider consequence.
/ɪn ˈpɹæktɪs, ən ˈɪŋˌkʌm dɪˈspɛɹəti kən kəˈnɛkt ən ˌɪndɪˈvɪd͡ʒuəl ɪkˈspɪɹiəns əv ˈɑɹkɪˌtɛkt͡ʃɚ wɪθ ə ˈwaɪdɚ ˈkɑnsəkwəns./
在实践中，收入差距可以将个人的建筑体验与更广泛的后果联系起来。
architecture — 保留结构，替换真实细节。Debates about architecture become difficult when people treat a partial truth as a complete explanation.
/dɪˈbeɪts əˈbaʊt ˈɑɹkɪˌtɛkt͡ʃɚ bɪˈkʌm ˈdɪfɪkʌlt wɛn ˈpipəl tɹit ə ˈpɑɹʃəl tɹuθ æz ə kəmˈplit ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən./
当人们将部分事实视为完整的解释时，关于建筑的争论就会变得困难。
architecture — 保留结构，替换真实细节。A stronger position acknowledges a reasonable objection, sets clear limits, and still explains why one conclusion is preferable.
/ə ˈstɹɔŋɡɚ pəˈzɪʃən ækˈnɑlɪd͡ʒɪz ə ˈɹiznəbəl əbˈd͡ʒɛkʃən, sɛts klɪɹ ˈlɪmɪts, ænd stɪl ɪkˈspleɪnz waɪ wʌn kəŋˈkluʒən ɪz ˈpɹɛfɚəbəl./
更强硬的立场承认合理的反对意见，设定明确的限制，并仍然解释为什么一个结论更可取。
A stronger position acknowledges — 保留结构，替换真实细节。This balance does not weaken the argument; it makes the judgement more precise, credible, and useful.
/ðɪs ˈbæləns dʌz nɑt ˈwikən ðə ˈɑɹɡjəmənt; ɪt meɪks ðə ˈd͡ʒʌd͡ʒmənt mɔɹ pɹɪˈsaɪs, ˈkɹɛdɪbəl, ænd ˈjusfəl./
这种平衡并不削弱这一论点；它使判断更加准确、可信和有用。
This balance does not — 保留结构，替换真实细节。Several social and practical factors may account for the different experiences.
/ˈsɛvɚəl ˈsoʊʃəl ænd ˈpɹæktɪkəl ˈfæktɚz meɪ əˈkaʊnt fɚ ðə ˈdɪfɹənt ɪkˈspɪɹiənsɪz./
一些社会和实际因素可能会导致不同的经历。
account for — 保留结构，替换真实细节。To some extent, progress depends on choices that individuals can control.
/tə sʌm ɪkˈstɛnt, ˈpɹɑɡɹɛs dɪˈpɛndz ɔn ˈt͡ʃɔɪsɪz ðæt ˌɪndɪˈvɪd͡ʒuəlz kən kənˈtɹoʊl./
在某种程度上，进展取决于个人能够控制的选择。
to some extent — 保留结构，替换真实细节。In the long run, a response succeeds only if people can maintain it.
/ɪn ðə lɔŋ ɹʌn, ə ɹɪˈspɑns səkˈsidz ˈoʊnli ɪf ˈpipəl kən meɪnˈteɪn ɪt./
从长远来看，只有人们能够维持响应，响应才会成功。
in the long run — 保留结构，替换真实细节。Clear information can play a pivotal role in making a better decision.
/klɪɹ ˌɪnfɔɹˈmeɪʃən kən pleɪ ə ˈpɪvətəl ɹoʊl ɪn ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə ˈbɛtɚ dɪˈsɪʒən./
清晰的信息可以在做出更好的决策中发挥关键作用。
play a pivotal role in — 保留结构，替换真实细节。A fair discussion also addresses the counterargument that the same policy may not suit every community.
/ə fɛɹ dɪˈskʌʃən ˈɔlsoʊ əˈdɹɛsɪz ðə ˈkaʊntɚˌɑɹɡjəmənt ðæt ðə seɪm ˈpɑlɪsi meɪ nɑt sut ˈɛvɹi kəˈmjunɪti./
公平的讨论还解决了同样的政策可能并不适合每个社区的反驳。
counterargument — 保留结构，替换真实细节。People usually notice the value of architecture only after a real event changes their routine.
/ˈpipəl ˈjuʒəli ˈnoʊtɪs ðə ˈvælju əv ˈɑɹkɪˌtɛkt͡ʃɚ ˈoʊnli ˈæftɚ ə ɹil ɪˈvɛnt ˈt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒɪz ðɛɹ ɹuˈtin./
人们通常只有在真实事件改变他们的日常生活之后才会注意到建筑的价值。
architecture — 保留结构，替换真实细节。A concrete example can provide evidence for a claim about architecture.
/ə ˈkɑŋkɹit ɪɡˈzæmpəl kən pɹəˈvaɪd ˈɛvədəns fɚ ə kleɪm əˈbaʊt ˈɑɹkɪˌtɛkt͡ʃɚ./
一个具体的例子可以为有关建筑的主张提供证据。
architecture — 保留结构，替换真实细节。A balanced approach to architecture compares benefits, costs, and the needs of different groups.
/ə ˈbælənst əˈpɹoʊt͡ʃ tə ˈɑɹkɪˌtɛkt͡ʃɚ kəmˈpɛɹz ˈbɛnəfɪts, kɔsts, ænd ðə nidz əv ˈdɪfɹənt ɡɹups./
平衡的架构方法会比较不同群体的收益、成本和需求。
architecture — 保留结构，替换真实细节。The main benefit of a thoughtful response to architecture is a result that people can actually observe.
/ðə meɪn ˈbɛnəfɪt əv ə ˈθɔtfəl ɹɪˈspɑns tə ˈɑɹkɪˌtɛkt͡ʃɚ ɪz ə ɹɪˈzʌlt ðæt ˈpipəl kən ˈækt͡ʃəli əbˈzɚv./
深思熟虑的对建筑的反应的主要好处是人们可以实际观察的结果。
architecture — 保留结构，替换真实细节。The main challenge is to respond to architecture without creating a larger problem elsewhere.
/ðə meɪn ˈt͡ʃælɪnd͡ʒ ɪz tə ɹɪˈspɑnd tə ˈɑɹkɪˌtɛkt͡ʃɚ wɪˈðaʊt kɹiˈeɪtɪŋ ə ˈlɑɹd͡ʒɚ ˈpɹɑbləm ˈɛlˌswɛɹ./
主要的挑战在于应对建筑，而不在别处造成更大的问题。
architecture — 保留结构，替换真实细节。Strong evidence helps people judge architecture without relying on a single attractive story.
/stɹɔŋ ˈɛvədəns hɛlps ˈpipəl d͡ʒʌd͡ʒ ˈɑɹkɪˌtɛkt͡ʃɚ wɪˈðaʊt ɹiˈlaɪɪŋ ɔn ə ˈsɪŋɡəl əˈtɹæktɪv ˈstɔɹi./
强有力的证据可以帮助人们判断建筑，而无需依赖单一的有吸引力的故事。
architecture — 保留结构，替换真实细节。The most practical lesson is that architecture should be judged through real effects rather than attractive slogans.
/ðə moʊst ˈpɹæktɪkəl ˈlɛsən ɪz ðæt ˈɑɹkɪˌtɛkt͡ʃɚ ʃʊd bi d͡ʒʌd͡ʒd θɹu ɹil ɪˈfɛkts ˈɹæðɚ ðən əˈtɹæktɪv ˈsloʊɡənz./
最实际的教训是，建筑应通过实际效果而不是有吸引力的口号来判断。
architecture — 保留结构，替换真实细节。A useful explanation also distinguishes what one person can change from what requires support from a larger institution.
/ə ˈjusfəl ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən ˈɔlsoʊ dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃɪz wʌt wʌn ˈpɚsən kən t͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ fɹʌm wʌt ɹiˈkwaɪɚz səˈpɔɹt fɹʌm ə ˈlɑɹd͡ʒɚ ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən./
一个有用的解释还可以区分一个人可以改变的事情和需要更大机构支持的事情。
A useful explanation also — 保留结构，替换真实细节。Cost, access, time, and trust may alter the outcome even when the original idea appears sensible.
/kɔst, ˈækˌsɛs, taɪm, ænd tɹʌst meɪ ˈɔltɚ ðə ˈaʊtˌkʌm ˈivən wɛn ðə ɚˈɪd͡ʒənəl aɪˈdiə əˈpɪɹz ˈsɛnsɪbəl./
即使最初的想法看起来很合理，成本、访问、时间和信任也可能会改变结果。
even when — 保留结构，替换真实细节。The people most affected should be heard before a convenient solution is presented as a universal answer.
/ðə ˈpipəl moʊst əˈfɛktɪd ʃʊd bi hɚd bɪˈfɔɹ ə kənˈvinjənt səˈluʃən ɪz pɹɪˈzɛntɪd æz ə ˌjunəˈvɚsəl ˈænsɚ./
在提出一个方便的解决办法作为普遍答案之前，应听取受影响最大的人民的意见。
The people most affected — 保留结构，替换真实细节。Good decisions connect a clear purpose with evidence, human experience, and the willingness to revise a weak approach.
/ɡʊd dɪˈsɪʒənz kəˈnɛkt ə klɪɹ ˈpɚpəs wɪθ ˈɛvədəns, ˈhjumən ɪkˈspɪɹiəns, ænd ðə ˈwɪlɪŋnəs tə ɹɪˈvaɪz ə wik əˈpɹoʊt͡ʃ./
好的决定会把明确目标、事实证据、人的真实经验，以及修正薄弱方案的意愿联系起来。
approach — 保留结构，替换真实细节。When those parts stay connected, the topic becomes easier to discuss in daily conversation and in an IELTS answer.
/wɛn ðoʊz pɑɹts steɪ kəˈnɛktɪd, ðə ˈtɑpɪk bɪˈkʌmz ˈiziɚ tə dɪˈskʌs ɪn ˈdeɪli ˌkɑnvɚˈseɪʃən ænd ɪn ən aɪ ɛl ti ɛs ˈænsɚ./
当这些部分保持连贯时，无论日常交流还是 IELTS 回答，这个主题都会更容易展开。
When those parts stay — 保留结构，替换真实细节。A new library used shaded courtyards and natural ventilation to reduce heat without losing public space.
/ə nju ˈlaɪbɹɪɹi just ˈʃeɪdɪd ˈkɔɹˌtjɑɹdz ænd ˈnæt͡ʃɚəl ˌvɛntɪˈleɪʃən tə ɹɪˈdus hit wɪˈðaʊt ˈluzɪŋ ˈpʌblɪk speɪs./
At first, this looked like a small decision about architecture, but its result soon became visible.
/æt fɚst, ðɪs lʊkt laɪk ə smɔl dɪˈsɪʒən əˈbaʊt ˈɑɹkɪˌtɛkt͡ʃɚ, bʌt ɪts ɹɪˈzʌlt sun bɪˈkeɪm ˈvɪzɪbəl./
The case raises a broader question: how buildings combine function, identity, and resources.
/ðə keɪs ˈɹeɪzɪz ə ˈbɹɔdɚ ˈkwɛst͡ʃən: haʊ ˈbɪldɪŋz kəmˈbaɪn ˈfʌŋkʃən, aɪˈdɛntɪti, ænd ˈɹisɔɹsɪz./
This approach has limits, but they do not make it useless.
/ðɪs əˈpɹoʊt͡ʃ hæz ˈlɪmɪts, bʌt ðeɪ du nɑt meɪk ɪt ˈjusləs./
The example draws attention to modern architecture, which can shape how people respond to architecture.
/ðə ɪɡˈzæmpəl dɹɔz əˈtɛnʃən tə ˈmɑdɚn ˈɑɹkɪˌtɛkt͡ʃɚ, wɪt͡ʃ kən ʃeɪp haʊ ˈpipəl ɹɪˈspɑnd tə ˈɑɹkɪˌtɛkt͡ʃɚ./
A closer look at a building structure reveals a practical side of architecture that general opinions often miss.
/ə ˈkloʊsɚ lʊk æt ə ˈbɪldɪŋ ˈstɹʌkt͡ʃɚ ɹɪˈvilz ə ˈpɹæktɪkəl saɪd əv ˈɑɹkɪˌtɛkt͡ʃɚ ðæt ˈd͡ʒɛnɚəl əˈpɪnjənz ˈɔftən mɪs./
Institutions should implement a policy on architecture only after consulting the people affected.
/ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃənz ʃʊd ˈɪmpləmɛnt ə ˈpɑlɪsi ɔn ˈɑɹkɪˌtɛkt͡ʃɚ ˈoʊnli ˈæftɚ kənˈsʌltɪŋ ðə ˈpipəl əˈfɛktɪd./
People can evaluate a decision about architecture by comparing its goal, cost, and result.
/ˈpipəl kən ɪˈvæljuˌeɪt ə dɪˈsɪʒən əˈbaʊt ˈɑɹkɪˌtɛkt͡ʃɚ baɪ kəmˈpɛɹɪŋ ɪts ɡoʊl, kɔst, ænd ɹɪˈzʌlt./
When discussing architecture, people should explain why a viable solution matters.
/wɛn dɪˈskʌsɪŋ ˈɑɹkɪˌtɛkt͡ʃɚ, ˈpipəl ʃʊd ɪkˈspleɪn waɪ ə ˈvaɪəbəl səˈluʃən ˈmætɚz./
The case shows why a widespread concern matters when people make decisions about architecture.
/ðə keɪs ʃoʊz waɪ ə ˈwaɪdˈspɹɛd kənˈsɚn ˈmætɚz wɛn ˈpipəl meɪk dɪˈsɪʒənz əˈbaʊt ˈɑɹkɪˌtɛkt͡ʃɚ./
A compelling argument can change how people understand and respond to architecture.
/ə kəmˈpɛlɪŋ ˈɑɹɡjəmənt kən t͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ haʊ ˈpipəl ˌʌndɚˈstænd ænd ɹɪˈspɑnd tə ˈɑɹkɪˌtɛkt͡ʃɚ./
Poor communication can undermine trust in decisions about architecture.
/pʊɹ kəˌmjunɪˈkeɪʃən kən ˈʌndɚˌmaɪn tɹʌst ɪn dɪˈsɪʒənz əˈbaʊt ˈɑɹkɪˌtɛkt͡ʃɚ./
Clear information can facilitate cooperation when a community responds to architecture.
/klɪɹ ˌɪnfɔɹˈmeɪʃən kən fəˈsɪlɪˌteɪt koʊˌɑpɚˈeɪʃən wɛn ə kəˈmjunɪti ɹɪˈspɑndz tə ˈɑɹkɪˌtɛkt͡ʃɚ./
In practice, an income disparity can connect an individual experience of architecture with a wider consequence.
/ɪn ˈpɹæktɪs, ən ˈɪŋˌkʌm dɪˈspɛɹəti kən kəˈnɛkt ən ˌɪndɪˈvɪd͡ʒuəl ɪkˈspɪɹiəns əv ˈɑɹkɪˌtɛkt͡ʃɚ wɪθ ə ˈwaɪdɚ ˈkɑnsəkwəns./
Debates about architecture become difficult when people treat a partial truth as a complete explanation.
/dɪˈbeɪts əˈbaʊt ˈɑɹkɪˌtɛkt͡ʃɚ bɪˈkʌm ˈdɪfɪkʌlt wɛn ˈpipəl tɹit ə ˈpɑɹʃəl tɹuθ æz ə kəmˈplit ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən./
A stronger position acknowledges a reasonable objection, sets clear limits, and still explains why one conclusion is preferable.
/ə ˈstɹɔŋɡɚ pəˈzɪʃən ækˈnɑlɪd͡ʒɪz ə ˈɹiznəbəl əbˈd͡ʒɛkʃən, sɛts klɪɹ ˈlɪmɪts, ænd stɪl ɪkˈspleɪnz waɪ wʌn kəŋˈkluʒən ɪz ˈpɹɛfɚəbəl./
This balance does not weaken the argument; it makes the judgement more precise, credible, and useful.
/ðɪs ˈbæləns dʌz nɑt ˈwikən ðə ˈɑɹɡjəmənt; ɪt meɪks ðə ˈd͡ʒʌd͡ʒmənt mɔɹ pɹɪˈsaɪs, ˈkɹɛdɪbəl, ænd ˈjusfəl./
Several social and practical factors may account for the different experiences.
/ˈsɛvɚəl ˈsoʊʃəl ænd ˈpɹæktɪkəl ˈfæktɚz meɪ əˈkaʊnt fɚ ðə ˈdɪfɹənt ɪkˈspɪɹiənsɪz./
To some extent, progress depends on choices that individuals can control.
/tə sʌm ɪkˈstɛnt, ˈpɹɑɡɹɛs dɪˈpɛndz ɔn ˈt͡ʃɔɪsɪz ðæt ˌɪndɪˈvɪd͡ʒuəlz kən kənˈtɹoʊl./
In the long run, a response succeeds only if people can maintain it.
/ɪn ðə lɔŋ ɹʌn, ə ɹɪˈspɑns səkˈsidz ˈoʊnli ɪf ˈpipəl kən meɪnˈteɪn ɪt./
Clear information can play a pivotal role in making a better decision.
/klɪɹ ˌɪnfɔɹˈmeɪʃən kən pleɪ ə ˈpɪvətəl ɹoʊl ɪn ˈmeɪkɪŋ ə ˈbɛtɚ dɪˈsɪʒən./
A fair discussion also addresses the counterargument that the same policy may not suit every community.
/ə fɛɹ dɪˈskʌʃən ˈɔlsoʊ əˈdɹɛsɪz ðə ˈkaʊntɚˌɑɹɡjəmənt ðæt ðə seɪm ˈpɑlɪsi meɪ nɑt sut ˈɛvɹi kəˈmjunɪti./
People usually notice the value of architecture only after a real event changes their routine.
/ˈpipəl ˈjuʒəli ˈnoʊtɪs ðə ˈvælju əv ˈɑɹkɪˌtɛkt͡ʃɚ ˈoʊnli ˈæftɚ ə ɹil ɪˈvɛnt ˈt͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒɪz ðɛɹ ɹuˈtin./
A concrete example can provide evidence for a claim about architecture.
/ə ˈkɑŋkɹit ɪɡˈzæmpəl kən pɹəˈvaɪd ˈɛvədəns fɚ ə kleɪm əˈbaʊt ˈɑɹkɪˌtɛkt͡ʃɚ./
A balanced approach to architecture compares benefits, costs, and the needs of different groups.
/ə ˈbælənst əˈpɹoʊt͡ʃ tə ˈɑɹkɪˌtɛkt͡ʃɚ kəmˈpɛɹz ˈbɛnəfɪts, kɔsts, ænd ðə nidz əv ˈdɪfɹənt ɡɹups./
The main benefit of a thoughtful response to architecture is a result that people can actually observe.
/ðə meɪn ˈbɛnəfɪt əv ə ˈθɔtfəl ɹɪˈspɑns tə ˈɑɹkɪˌtɛkt͡ʃɚ ɪz ə ɹɪˈzʌlt ðæt ˈpipəl kən ˈækt͡ʃəli əbˈzɚv./
The main challenge is to respond to architecture without creating a larger problem elsewhere.
/ðə meɪn ˈt͡ʃælɪnd͡ʒ ɪz tə ɹɪˈspɑnd tə ˈɑɹkɪˌtɛkt͡ʃɚ wɪˈðaʊt kɹiˈeɪtɪŋ ə ˈlɑɹd͡ʒɚ ˈpɹɑbləm ˈɛlˌswɛɹ./
Strong evidence helps people judge architecture without relying on a single attractive story.
/stɹɔŋ ˈɛvədəns hɛlps ˈpipəl d͡ʒʌd͡ʒ ˈɑɹkɪˌtɛkt͡ʃɚ wɪˈðaʊt ɹiˈlaɪɪŋ ɔn ə ˈsɪŋɡəl əˈtɹæktɪv ˈstɔɹi./
The most practical lesson is that architecture should be judged through real effects rather than attractive slogans.
/ðə moʊst ˈpɹæktɪkəl ˈlɛsən ɪz ðæt ˈɑɹkɪˌtɛkt͡ʃɚ ʃʊd bi d͡ʒʌd͡ʒd θɹu ɹil ɪˈfɛkts ˈɹæðɚ ðən əˈtɹæktɪv ˈsloʊɡənz./
A useful explanation also distinguishes what one person can change from what requires support from a larger institution.
/ə ˈjusfəl ˌɛkspləˈneɪʃən ˈɔlsoʊ dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃɪz wʌt wʌn ˈpɚsən kən t͡ʃeɪnd͡ʒ fɹʌm wʌt ɹiˈkwaɪɚz səˈpɔɹt fɹʌm ə ˈlɑɹd͡ʒɚ ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən./
Cost, access, time, and trust may alter the outcome even when the original idea appears sensible.
/kɔst, ˈækˌsɛs, taɪm, ænd tɹʌst meɪ ˈɔltɚ ðə ˈaʊtˌkʌm ˈivən wɛn ðə ɚˈɪd͡ʒənəl aɪˈdiə əˈpɪɹz ˈsɛnsɪbəl./
The people most affected should be heard before a convenient solution is presented as a universal answer.
/ðə ˈpipəl moʊst əˈfɛktɪd ʃʊd bi hɚd bɪˈfɔɹ ə kənˈvinjənt səˈluʃən ɪz pɹɪˈzɛntɪd æz ə ˌjunəˈvɚsəl ˈænsɚ./
Good decisions connect a clear purpose with evidence, human experience, and the willingness to revise a weak approach.
/ɡʊd dɪˈsɪʒənz kəˈnɛkt ə klɪɹ ˈpɚpəs wɪθ ˈɛvədəns, ˈhjumən ɪkˈspɪɹiəns, ænd ðə ˈwɪlɪŋnəs tə ɹɪˈvaɪz ə wik əˈpɹoʊt͡ʃ./
When those parts stay connected, the topic becomes easier to discuss in daily conversation and in an IELTS answer.
/wɛn ðoʊz pɑɹts steɪ kəˈnɛktɪd, ðə ˈtɑpɪk bɪˈkʌmz ˈiziɚ tə dɪˈskʌs ɪn ˈdeɪli ˌkɑnvɚˈseɪʃən ænd ɪn ən aɪ ɛl ti ɛs ˈænsɚ./
02 · Vocabulary
n./phrase · 建筑学
a key idea used when discussing architecture
modern architecture
n./phrase · 结构
a key idea used when discussing architecture
building structure
v. · 实施
to put a plan into action
implement a policy
v. · 评估
to judge quality using evidence
evaluate an outcome
adj. · 可行的
capable of working successfully
a viable solution
adj. · 广泛的
existing over a large area or among many people
widespread concern
adj. · 有说服力的
strong enough to convince
compelling evidence
v. · 削弱
to make something gradually weaker
undermine trust
v. · 促进
to make an action easier
facilitate learning
n. · 差距
a noticeable and often unfair difference
income disparity
phr. v. · 解释；占比
to explain or form a particular amount
account for the change
phrase · 在某种程度上
partly but not completely
agree to some extent
phrase · 从长远看
over a long period of time
benefit in the long run
phrase · 发挥关键作用
to be extremely important in a process
play a pivotal role in
n. · 反方论点
an argument against another argument
address a counterargument
adv. · 通常
in the way that happens most often
usually study
v. · 提供
to give something that is needed
provide evidence
n./v. · 方法；处理
a way of dealing with something
a balanced approach
n./v. · 益处
a helpful or positive effect
bring benefits
n./v. · 挑战
a difficult task that tests ability
face a challenge
n. · 证据
facts that support a claim
strong evidence
03 · Chunks
modern architecture建筑学；保留结构，替换一个真实细节。building structure结构；保留结构，替换一个真实细节。implement a policy实施；保留结构，替换一个真实细节。evaluate an outcome评估；保留结构，替换一个真实细节。a viable solution可行的；保留结构，替换一个真实细节。widespread concern广泛的；保留结构，替换一个真实细节。compelling evidence有说服力的；保留结构，替换一个真实细节。undermine trust削弱；保留结构，替换一个真实细节。04 · Grammar
代词替代已出现的人或事物，避免重复。
结构：noun → it/they/he/she/this
原文证据：This approach has limits, but they do not make it useless.
常见错误：代词必须有清楚、唯一的指代对象。
你的替换：保留结构，把主题换成自己的工作、生活或学习经历。
05 · Pronunciation
练法：慢读单词 → 读完整搭配 → 回到原句；每一步只录一遍，听完再修正。
06 · Spiral review
Day 357、Day 355、Day 351、Day 344、Day 328
07 · Speak with AI
你是我的一对一英语口语教练。今天是 Day 358，主题是 architecture，程度目标是 B2→C1。
先让我用自己的话复述今天的文章；一次只问一个问题，并等待我回答。
如果我卡住，只给 2–4 个关键词或一个句首，不要直接给完整答案。
请引导我使用这些词：architecture, structure, implement, evaluate, viable, widespread, compelling, undermine, facilitate, disparity, account for。
我的回答至少包含：一个事实、一个原因、一个具体例子、一个结果或判断。
每轮结束后只纠正最影响理解的 1 个语法问题和 1 个发音问题，然后让我重新回答同一个问题。
最后让我脱稿回答：How is architecture connected to your real life, and what have you learned from it?
结束时用中文列出：做得好的证据、需要修正的两点、三个可复用句型、明天应复习的内容。08 · Imitation
必须回收
architecture, structure, implement, evaluate, viable, widespread, compelling, undermine, facilitate, disparity, account for09 · Three-hour path